By Margaret Boyle
Most people are generally surprised when I explain that I first started studying Spanish in order to connect with my Jewish roots. While this confusion is often remedied by a brief rundown of my family history, what I find interesting about these conversations is the cultural importance we attach to the language of our childhood and the tremendous privilege we are afforded as speakers of that language.
As teenagers in the early 1920s, my great-grandparents were forced to leave their families behind in Eastern Europe. After a series of arduous detours, they made their way to Mexico where my great-grandfather – Elias Poplawsky – went from selling neckties on the street corners of Veracruz to becoming a founding member of the Mexico City JCC (El Centro Deportivo Israelita). Native Polish and Yiddish speakers, my great-grandparents had to overcome both the hardship of leaving behind family to the fate of distinctly hostile cities, and the plight common to all immigrants who must learn new languages and adapt to cultural norms. Their incredible story is, of course, not unique – Mexico City is today home to more than 40,000 Jews.
Although my Mom was born in Mexico City, she moved with her family to Los Angeles in the 1960s. A generation later, I found myself proud of my Mexican-Jewish roots, but also somewhat disconnected – I was unable to speak or understand Spanish, Yiddish, or Hebrew. As my California public school didn’t offer Yiddish or Hebrew language classes, I was driven to learn the language that seemed most practical for my cultural quest. Learning Spanish meant I could more easily navigate family visits to Mexico City, as well as engage the thriving Spanish-speaking communities of LA.
During my freshman year in college my passion for Spanish language blossomed into a love for Spanish literature. To my surprise it turned out that, while Spanish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews weren’t the most common products of the Diaspora Spanish-speaking Sephardic Jews had a longstanding presence in the Hispanic world. In 1492, for example, as part of the Spanish Inquisition, Jews, and later Muslims, were expelled from the Spanish Empire in order to protect Old Christians of “clean blood” (limpieza de sangre). Over time, aggression gradually escalated, and interestingly, language itself became the second target for attack. In 1562, Philip II issued a royal decree that forbid the use of languages other than Christian Spanish. If the Spanish Empire wasn’t completely successful in its attempt to “cleanse” itself with the first expulsions, the monarchy’s attack on language clearly points out its cultural and political importance.
And yet, despite persecution, Jews and Muslims continued resisting the dominance of the Inquisition through the protection of their languages. They covertly used Aljamiado – manuscripts which utilize Hebrew or Arabic alphabets to transcribe Romance languages like Spanish. As my Eastern-European family shared the common language of Yiddish, the Jews of Spain shared Ladino, a romance language influenced by Hebrew and Aramaic. The history of Jews in the Hispanic world, with its repeated lessons on the importance of language as a social and political tool, continues to inspire me.
I was lucky to spend time with my great-grandmother until my early teen years when she passed away at the age of 95. Although she wasn’t able to see me finally master Spanish language, I think often about the ways we would piece together conversations around shared experiences. We could bless Shabbat candles together. We could watch telenovelas together and come away with completely different plot lines (me, because of my language skills; her, because she refused to wear her hearing aid at night). We could make babkas, latkes, and matzah enchiladas (but not at the same time!). When I tell people how I learned Spanish in order to connect to my Jewish roots, what I really mean is that I learned Spanish so I could know my Baba Malka. And what could be more powerful, and a better motivational tool, than language’s ability to connect us with each other and with our histories?
Photo by Thelmadatter, licensed under Creative Commons.
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